The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is implementing a "Renewable Energy Research and Technology Development Programme (RE-RTD)" through various research institutions and industry to develop indigenous technologies and manufacturing for widespread applications of new and renewable energy in efficient and cost-effective manner, including geothermal technology to extract the heat trapped in the earth's crust which can be directly used for heating/cooling or to make electricity.

Till date, six rounds of commercial auctions have been completed. Till date, 86 coal block have successfully been auctioned under commercial mining in 6 rounds of auction.

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India, consistently brings out policies to enhance domestic manufacturing capacity in renewable energy sector.

In order to promote development of solar energy in the country, a National Solar Mission (NSM) was launched in January 2010. Under the NSM, the Government has introduced various schemes from time to time.

The import value of crude oil depends on demand growth, price volatility in international market, exchange rate changes, geo-political situations, etc. Increase in import value of crude oil results in higher outgo of foreign exchange.

The details of domestic crude oil production in Million Metric Tonne (MMT) during the last three years are given as under.

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is one of the technology pathways which help in reducing net emission and support to accomplish net zero by 2070 by decarbonising large industrial sectors particularly steel, cement, thermal power plants, fertilizer and petrochemical industries etc.

On 13th July 2023, Indian Oil Corporation Limited (Indian Oil) has signed Heads of Agreement (HOA) with Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company Limited (ADNOC LNG), UAE for supply of upto 1.2 Million Metric Tonne Per Annum (MMTPA) for a period of 14 years starting from 2026.

During the FY 2022-23 country’s annual production of Petroleum or Crude Oil and Natural Gas was 29.18 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) and 34.45 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM) respectively and consumption of Oil Based Petroleum Products and Natural Gas was 223.01 MMT and 160.83 MMSCMD respectively.

To facilitate production of ethanol, Government in March, 2019 had notified the Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN (Jaiv Indhan - Vatavaran Anukool fasal awashesh Nivaran) Yojana for providing financial support for setting up Second Generation (2G) ethanol projects in the country using lignocellulosic biomass and other renewable feedstock.

One of the critical elements for enhancing the energy security of the country is the development of alternative sources of energy including biofuels.

The number of major coal-fuelled Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) that are operational in the country is 180.